A tactical revolution? How the Big Four have changed

Much has been made of the many comings and goings at the ‘Big Four’ clubs throughout a summer full of signings and speculation. The Premier League title is destined, however, for the team which makes the most of their resources, whether massive or relatively meagre. Personnel, motivation – and luck – are all important factors, of course, but countless points will be won and lost on the pre-game chalkboard.

The relative importance of tactical systems is debated long and hard by so-called students of the game, and, from Harry Redknapp’s successful “keep it simple and enjoy your football” mantra to Arsene Wenger’s relentlessly analytical approach, the pros differ wildly in their methods too. It’s undeniable, though, that there has been a significant tactical shift at the top table of English football between this season and last.

Starting with the defending champions, whose hand has been forced by the much-hyped loss of their free-scoring talisman, Cristiano Ronaldo, early season outings have seen Manchester United reclaim their beloved (but long-estranged) formation: the classic 4-4-2. Ronnie’s departure, allied to that of Carlos Tévez, has necessitated a switch from Sir Alex’s patented ‘strikerless’ set-up to a more orthodox approach. United often exhilarated spectators and overwhelmed lesser opposition, during their golden run of the past three years, with a fluid forward line of Rooney, Ronaldo and A.N.Other. Michael Owen’s arrival means that the manager will, more often than not, adopt a flattish midfield four incorporating two wingers from Nani, Valencia, Park, and, in due course, Obertan and Tošić.

Wayne Rooney, therefore, will shoulder the burden of responsibility for both goalscoring and goalmaking, alongside Owen or Berbatov. The evidence so far suggests that reining-in the multi-talented forward’s excessive workrate outwith his new penalty-box remit will be more difficult than first considered.

It is, these days, something of an anomaly to operate a simple two-man central midfield partnership too. Can Carrick and co. still influence games in the same way as before, especially when taking into account the continuing physical decline of old stagers Giggs and Scholes? All told, it is difficult to see United, barring late investment in the squad, dictating to the Premier League minions in quite the same manner as before.

Old rivals Arsenal, meanwhile, have made alterations with an eye on suffocating those opponents that stubbornly refuse to roll over upon mere sight of pretty passing football. In other words: Bolton and Blackburn. In order to turn over their Lancastrian nemeses (and other sides of their ilk), manager Arsène Wenger has in fact borrowed (just a little) from Gary Megson’s team.

Though he’d hardly admit it, the right-sided role that Wenger has thrust Nicklas Bendtner into of late echoes that of Bolton warhorse Kevin Davies – one of the league’s most quietly feared opponents – in seasons past. While the big Dane’s physicality is minimal by comparison with Davies, his presence in the new-look three-man Arsenal front-line draws defensive attention away from the mercurial talents of Robin van Persie and, particularly, Andrei Arshavin.

Wenger explains: “I want to play high up the pitch and bring the threat to the opponents half very early in the game. We are an attacking team and that gives us an opportunity to show our character.”

This plan worked to tremendous effect at Goodison Park last weekend, but doubts persist over whether the Alsatian’s slavish adherence to the beautiful game in its purest form can realistically yield a first league title since 2004. Much will depend on the consistency and continuing development of Cesc Fabregas’ midfield cohorts; Alexandre Song and Denilson. If that pair can form an effective shield in front of an already impressive Gallas-Vermaelen defensive axis, the Gunners might prove more than just also-rans this year.

To finish as relatively close runners-up last year was something of a breakthrough for Rafa Benítez’s Liverpool. To then lose one of their most consistent and able performers from that campaign might be considered careless if it weren’t for the sheer scale of Xabi Alonso’s new employers’ ruthless ambition. Thirty million big ones is an impressive haul, some would say, for a deep-lying midfielder with a shamefully weak goal/assist record. However, the technical prowess and vision offered by Real Madrid’s new no.22 was crucial in the delicate tactical balance which held together the 4-2-3-1 line-up favoured by Benitez.

Notwithstanding the possible impact of energetic Roman midfielder Alberto Aquilani on the Merseysiders’ fortunes, there’s no doubt that they have lost a significant dimension to their play. The over-reliance on Steven Gerrard’s freakish blend of athleticism and finesse, and on Fernando Torres as the point of attack (Andrii Voronin might have returned from a brilliant loan spell in Berlin with greater confidence, but still lacks a little star quality) means that Liverpool will inevitably struggle to maintain their momentum.

While a significant departure has placed Benítez in something of a tactical quandary, title rivals Chelsea will surely benefit from continuity of key personnel. The latest head coach along the Stamford Bridge production line, Carlo Ancelotti, has brought with him from Milan a narrow midfield structure; latterly used by a certain Jose Mourinho. The Blues’ abundance of able central midfield players lends itself to such a ‘diamond’ formation, it’s true. The absence of orthodox wingers from the XI, however, brings with it serious limitations.

One of the main beneficiaries of the switch, Michael Ballack has played the old “you can play any system with good players” card in recent interviews. Tellingly, the 32-year-old has conceded Ancelotti’s preferred option has as many cons as pros: “You gain a small advantage through the centre but there's more hard work for the four midfielders because they have a lot of work to do on and off the ball in this system,” said Ballack.

Quite where this approach will leave the likes of resurgent Florent Malouda, expensive new-boy Yuri Zhirkov and the returning Joe Cole is for Carletto to know and the King’s Road hordes to find out. At least the Premier League’s most frightening front two – Anelka and Drogba – can both be accommodated within the new framework. At the Stadium of Light this week, near-forgotten Deco was given a chance in support of Drogba, showing a certain flexibility in Ancelotti’s thinking. It is for this reason that Chelsea can produce their most cogent title push since the departure of their one-time tactical tsar, Mourinho.

Of course, it’s too early in the season to fully assess the impact (and longevity) of these changes, but it will be fascinating to see how events unfold on the chalkboard as the season develops.

To tinker with a winning formula exhibits bravery, for there’s the risk it can all go horribly wrong – witness Martin O’Neill’s switch to 4-4-2 spectacularly de-railing Aston Villa last term; beware Harry Redknapp, who has spoken of altering his hitherto winning formula by adding a third man to the Tottenham front-line.

For those who gamble and win? Well, they’ll be lionised as tactical geniuses forevermore. Well, at least until their next cock-up. 4-5-1 at home to Stoke!? What were you thinking?

Moyes makes most of meagre resources

If Bill Shankly wouldn’t open his curtains to see Everton playing at the bottom of his garden, then it’s fair to assume that Rafa Benitez would hardly bother to pop on his specs to watch the Toffees knocking neat one-twos across his solid oak dining table; such is the Spaniard’s apparent disdain for Liverpool’s Merseyside rivals. Yet, due to his erratic recent conduct, the credibility of the former Valencia coach’s various opinions has seriously nosedived – none less than his assessment of David Moyes’ men.

Everton stand accused of boring, stultifying and – shock, horror! – defending, their way up to sixth place in the Premier League on the back of a nine-game unbeaten run. That they haven’t lost a game since their unfortunate 2-3 reverse in early December’s “Thriller with the Villa” speaks volumes for the deep reserves of fortitude and ability at the Goodison Park club. Taking into consideration the paucity of forward options Moyes has been forced to deal with – Yakubu, Saha, Vaughan are all M.I.A – that achievement should be heralded all the more.

Since his switch from Preston in 2002, Moyes has made a name for himself as an accomplished maximiser of relatively meagre resources.

Arch-critic Benitez has had a net spend of £100m-plus, with his predecessor Gérard Houllier reportedly getting through £120m (with sales of approx. £57m) during his tenure. In his first six years at the Everton helm, prior to last summer, Moyes had spent just less than £80m and recovered £52m – effectively at an annual cost of around £5m. At a time when finances are especially thin on the ground and a healthy chunk of his squad is laid up with injury, it seems that the taciturn Glaswegian has, once again, come into his own.

Due to his reticent nature, Moyes is generally shy with the superlatives, but didn’t hesitate to apportion full credit to his two defensive bedrocks following the Toffees’ 1-1 draw with Arsenal on Wednesday night. Joleon Lescott and Phil Jagielka were both “outstanding” and “out of this world”, according to their manager. Jagielka continues to draw praise as one of the Premier League’s apparently ‘unsung heroes’, but it is the consistently brilliant Lescott – the duo’s senior partner – who has shone the brightest since his overdue switch inside from left-back.

Boyhood Liverpool fan Leighton Baines has now come good in the position vacated by Lescott. Elsewhere: in midfield; Phil Neville is a limited player, notoriously so, but a solidly dependable one. Record-buy Marouane Fellaini has split opinion, but the aerial threat the lanky Belgian offers in absence of Everton’s recognised front-men has been invaluable to the cause. Leon Osman and Steven Pienaar’s assiduous endeavour on the flanks has allowed much-admired creator-in-chief Mikel Arteta to shine in his preferred central role.

It is, of course, the goal-getting efforts of Tim Cahill which grab the majority of the headlines. To watch the versatile Australian’s adept penalty-box manoeuvres at attacking set-plays is to watch a master at work. His prodigious spring, and uncanny knack of appearing ethereally from off-radar to bulge the net, makes Cahill an invaluable asset to a decidedly workmanlike outfit.

It is exactly how Moyes has sculpted these key players, as well as those in the margins, into an unassailable unit which is most noteworthy aspect of their recent ascent. Without an established target-man, Everton have adopted a set-up which could be crudely described as a 4-6-0 formation. Fellaini, when available, has provided an unlikely attacking fulcrum; with Cahill, Pienaar and Osman breaking forward at will to join in on the team’s rare forays forward.

Over the course of the last few seasons – as the vast majority of Premier League line-ups have moved away from the long-established 4-4-2 – it has become fashionable to flood the midfield and leave one man up front to plough a lone furrow. Though borne of necessity rather than careful invention, Everton’s forward-less formation is not in itself revolutionary.

Facing a similar injury crisis as they challenged strongly for the 2006/07 Serie A scudetto, Luciano Spalletti’s Roma used Francesco Totti (typically a classic no.10) as a nominal centre-forward; supported by quick, able runners from midfield such as Mancini, Taddei and Simone Perrotta. Often, Totti would drop into his more conventional position, leaving the team bereft of a single out-and-out striker. The ploy worked to some success, as the Romans played some of the most enterprising football throughout Europe that year. In a slightly different case, Manchester United featured a fluid front-line of Wayne Rooney, Carlos Tevez and Cristiano Ronaldo on many occasions last season – often with all three working outside the penalty box; leaving the team entirely without an old-fashioned no.9.

Such justification for their current style won’t appease Everton’s harshest critics though. In the aftermath of the second 1-1 Merseyside derby draw within a week, and in sharp response to Benitez’s harsh appraisal of the Everton approach, Moyes went on the offensive with characteristic maturity and distinction. He said: “This is a great club, and we do things with dignity and style. I take great pride with how the players are performing at the moment – the resilience they are showing.”

It’s not hard to surmise, then, that his high-flying side are made very much in the image of their resolutely single-minded manager. On Saturday evening, the immovable object which is Everton’s back four (or perhaps back five, six, seven...) meets the irresistible force of Manchester United. Ironically, an unlikely Toffees win at Old Trafford would play nicely into the hands of Rafa’s boys across Stanley Park. Moyes won’t care about that for one moment though. Instead he’ll concentrate fully on once again making the most of the hand he’s been dealt.